By (Ahmed Shihab-Eldin) -In Iraq, the three Kurdish-controlled
provinces in autonomous Kurdistan region ‘northern Iraq’ are places of
refuge in a country wrought in turmoil.
      James Longley’s documentary film "Iraq in Fragments" portrayal of the
Kurdish North demonstrates the difference between the region and the rest of
Iraq, which is dominated by Arabs.

      Constant bombs and ambushes eliminate any hopes of having a normal
life for Iraqi citizens in central and southern Iraq.

      According to a UNHCR official, almost 150,000 Iraqis have settled in
Kurdistan region from central and southern Iraq.

      Even though life in Kurdistan is "relatively" normal, attacks still
occur, though less frequently. On May 9, fourteen people were killed in
Kurdistan capital of Erbil (the largest city), which was the first major
Islamic terrorist attack in the city since 2004.

      Although Kurds are also Muslims, the region operates under a secular
system, where, for example, alcohol is sold and consumed openly. In a scene
in Iraq in Fragments, dozens of Iraqi men are attacked and detained by
Islamic soldiers for allegedly selling Alcohol in a bazaar. In Kurdistan,
liberal social standards allow men and women to mix freely at cafes, and
western-style clothing is common among the region’s women.

      According to an article in The Guardian, Turkey now has detailed plans
for a possible invasion of Kurdistan (northern Iraq) and claims they will
invade if the US or Iraqi forces do not remove guerrillas from the Kurdish
Workers Party (PKK) that are settled in mountain strongholds across the
border. Turkey currently has 20,000-30,000 troops along the border with
Iraq. They claim Iraqis are slipping across the border to plan attacks
within Turkey.

      The US is nervous of any type of military escalation on behalf of the
Turks since that would destabilize Iraq’s Kurdistan region– the most stable
part of the country, and arguably the last one. instability in the north is
seen to benefit the Iranian government, who is facing its own domestic
crisis with its own Kurdish population.

      Despite these recent developments, the idea of entertaining friends
and relatives for tea is increasingly unrealistic in the country’s capital
city, whereas in the north, parties and gatherings seem to offer residents
as well as Arabs coming to the region a glimmer of a life they once lived.

      US officials in Baghdad stress that the problem needs to be solved
immediately. Although Iraq’s Kurdish leaders have said they are willing to
help mediate Turkey does not recognize the Kurdistan regional government.

      http://www.peyamner.com/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/

Widespread use of torture is continuing in Turkey despite the government’s
"zero tolerance" policy, says human rights group Amnesty International.

A new report acknowledged improvements in the Turkish criminal justice
system in recent years.

But Amnesty said a "culture of impunity" allowed the authorities to escape
accountability and the courts to disregard medical evidence of torture.

There has been no immediate response from the Turkish government.

‘Sweeping changes’

The Amnesty report, published on Thursday, noted a fall in the incidence of
torture in police custody.

But it also said the declared zero-tolerance policy could not be seen as
effective "until real steps are taken to address the persisting issue of the
failure to punish officials who violate the absolute prohibition on torture
and other ill-treatment."

According to Amnesty, detainees in Turkey alleged they had been beaten,
threatened with death, deprived of food, water and sleep during detention.

Some of the torture was said to have taken place in unofficial places of
detention.

The head of Amnesty’s programme in Europe, Nicola Duckworth, said: "Nothing
short of a fully implemented policy of ‘zero tolerance for impunity’ will
end the spectre of torture, other ill-treatment, killings and enforced
disappearances which still blight Turkey’s human rights record."

Turkey introduced a series of sweeping changes several years ago to the
country’s penal code, intended to bring Turkish laws closer to those of EU
member states.

Torture was abolished and individual liberties expanded under the reforms.

Human rights are a key issue in its bid to join the EU.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/

ANKARA / 6 July 2007 / by Mark Bentley

When Turkey’s army decided to block Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s
Islamist-leaning presidential candidate in April, it didn’t have to roll
tanks into the streets. All it had to do was post a late-night notice on its
Web site.

The military’s ability to almost casually thwart Turkey’s democratic
government is at the heart of the current campaign for the July 22 election.
Polls show Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party enjoys a wide lead in the
race; a victory in turn may set up an even more direct confrontation over
the issue that has plagued Turkey since World War II: who wields ultimate
power.

“Justice should be very careful in the next few months because the military
has a say in many laws and decisions, whether Justice likes it or not,”
said Ilter Turkmen, who served as foreign minister after a military coup in
1980, one of four since 1960. Erdogan’s party, he said, “has to
compromise.”

How much it is willing to do so, and how the army reacts, will reverberate
beyond Turkey’s borders. The generals run the second-largest armed forces in
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization after the U.S.; meanwhile, the
European Union says Turkey must strengthen its democracy in order to win
membership.

Buoyed by Growth

Six of the seven opinion polls held in the past month indicate Justice has
more support now than the 34 percent it won in 2002, which gave it close to
two-thirds of the seats in parliament. The party has been buoyed by 21
straight quarters of economic growth that have helped double Turks’ average
pay.

The struggle between Erdogan and the military reflects a deeper rift in
Turkish society over Islam’s role in government. Erdogan, 53, says his party
represents mainstream opinion — conservative and Muslim without being
radical. The army sees itself as the guarantor of the secular principles
laid down eight decades ago by modern Turkey’s founder, Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk, himself a former general, and enshrined in the 1982 constitution
drawn up under military rule.

By the time Ataturk died in 1938, he had established “Kemalism,” a
doctrine that banned religious clothing, rejected social classes,
established state control of the economy and labeled every citizen a Turk
irrespective of ethnicity or religion.

`Fascist Movements’

“The 1930s was the era of fascist movements in Europe and Japan,” Reha
Denemec, a deputy chief of Justice, said in an interview in Ankara. “I’m
not criticizing the ideology of Ataturk, but the world has changed a lot.”

Retired generals, who in Turkey are treated by the local media as spokesmen
for the military, warn the party against pushing too hard.

“Maybe Justice will get a good result in the election, but if they don’t
change their ways then there could be fresh elections within one or two
years,” former Major General Riza Kucukoglu, head of the Retired Military
Officers’ Association of Turkey, said in an interview in Ankara.

“Justice is trying to create a religious class in Turkey,” adds Kucukoglu,
who says he is independent and is merely expressing his opinion. “This is
against the constitution.”

Erdogan formed Justice in August 2001, two years after he completed a
four-month jail term on charges of “inciting religious hatred.” Justice
swept to power in an election 14 months later, pledging to lift curbs on
democracy and religious expression, including a ban on Muslim headscarves at
government offices and universities.

Prison for Adulterers

Erdogan, who attended a school used to train Islamic clergy, raised the
suspicions of the military in 2004 by seeking prison terms for adulterers.
He dropped the measure after the EU said it jeopardized Turkey’s membership
bid.

The same year, Erdogan clashed with President Ahmet Necdet Sezer after Sezer
rejected a law allowing trainee imams to study at university. Last year
Sezer, 65, rejected the government’s nomination of an Islamic banker as
chief of the central bank.

The immediate trigger for the current struggle was Erdogan’s effort to
install Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul as president. Gul would be the first
Turkish president with an Islamist past and the first married to a woman who
wears a headscarf.

Popular Vote

On May 1, the Constitutional Court halted parliament’s election of Gul, 56,
on a technicality. The decision prompted Justice to circumvent the ruling by
pushing through legislative changes to elect the next president by popular
vote.

The prime minister told a rally in the eastern town of Batman June 22 that
this month’s election might lead to a “political crisis” because of the
dispute over the president.

Justice appeals to the majority of Turks, who surveys indicate favor a
looser form of secularism than the army espouses. A May 8-13 survey by
Istanbul-based Gena Arastirma Egitim Danismanlik found that 70 percent of
voters aren’t concerned about a president whose wife wears a headscarf.

Even so, more than a million people poured onto Turkey’s streets in April
and May to protest Erdogan’s efforts to claim the presidency. Kucukoglu said
his retired-officers’ group organized the protests. The group didn’t
publicize its role “because it would be misused by the western press,” he
said.

The army is now seeking to use the Internet and non- government
organizations to bring Erdogan into line, said Hasan Koni, a professor of
international law and politics at Bahcesehir University in Istanbul.

`Losing Its Stature’

“With the EU reforms, the military is losing its stature in Turkey, so now
they’re using civilian movements, most of which are attached to the Ataturk
legacy,” he said. “The military is going to try and keep the presidency by
these means and use the office to control Justice.”

Erdogan has made some moves to rein in the military, imposing stricter
civilian controls on the budget, replacing the military chief of the
National Security Council with a civilian and stripping the panel of its
executive powers. His followers warn that any move by the army against him
risks isolating Turkey politically from the rest of the world.

“It’s not easy to close a party in Turkey any more because now we’re ruling
by European norms,” Denemec said. “If they do, then we’ll be joining Cuba,
Burma and North Korea, not the EU.”

Others aren’t so sure. “If Justice comes from the election with a big
majority, then the military could threaten to close them down,” said Koni.
“All it would take is another e-mail.

http://www.flash-bulletin.de/index.html

erfhervbdfsjbvdsf

http://www.aluara-lalila-lalu.com/mah.html

Cuban Govt, Scientists Propose "A Global Response to Climate

Via NY Transfer News Collective  *  All the News that Doesn’t Fit

[This is an important document that Cuba has released in conjunction
with the 6th Convention on Environment and Development that is closing
today in Havana. Cuba, as the United Nations has recognized, is one of
the very few nations that has taken the challenge of climate change  
seriously for years, and is perhaps the only country that has achieved
significant domestic progress in taking tangible steps to address the
crisis. Several news items from today's sessions follow this
document.-NY Transfer]

Granma Daily –  6 July, 2007
http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art108.html

A Global Response to Climate Change

BY A GROUP OF AUTHORS FROM
THE CUBAN MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CITMA)
AND THE COUNCIL OF STATE

Before the beginning of the recent meeting of the Group of 8, President
Bush announced his strategy to deal with the severe problem of climate
change and convoked the main countries that produce the lions share of
the emissions of greenhouse effect gases to discuss how to face the
problem. This way of acting, brushing aside the multilateral approach
within the framework of the United Nations, is typical of the way the
US government acts.

Ban Ki-moon, United Nations Secretary General, declared afterwards…
"I firmly believe that initiatives taken individually by nations should
be integrated within the framework of the UN Convention on Climate
Change. This is the only inter-government framework that exists at this
moment."

What has been that framework of international cooperation to deal with
the climate change?

Despite the concern about the possible occurrence of a change in the
world climate was already present before the 1970s, it wasn’t until the
Second World Climate Conference took place in 1990 that it was
recommend that negotiations begin to create an international treaty
that would regulate the cooperation between nations and deal with a
global problem caused by the increased emissions of the so called
greenhouse gases, that are the product of human activities. As a
response, the United Nations Assembly General established an
inter-governmental negotiating committee to draft it.

The text of the document was already finished by May 1992, and it was
given the name United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
It was opened for signatures of the Heads of State and Government
during the Earth Summit that took place that same year in Rio de
Janeiro. It finally came into effect on March 21 1994, after the
required 50 ratifications by the same number of nations. Cuba was the
52nd nation to ratify the Convention.

A long journey began in search of replies to climate change, called the
greatest global environmental challenge. Humanity had a framework of
reference under which the governments would be cooperating to apply new
policies and programs that would have a wide reaching effect on the way
that human beings live and work.

MAIN GUIDELINES OF THE CONVENTION

According to the Convention, the signatory nations aim to stabilize
concentrations of gases that cause the greenhouse effect in the
atmosphere at a level that blocks the dangerous human interferences
upon the climate system. That should be achieved within a time span
that that allows the ecosystems adapt naturally to the climate change

The Convention states that the main gases that cause the greenhouse
effect are: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

The objective of acting before it is too late, in agreement with one of
the principles that govern the Convention, the precautionary principle,
came from the need to allow the ecosystems to adapt to the climate
change, while at the same time maintaining food production and
sustainable economic development.

Another of the guidelines on which the Convention is based, recognizes
the common but differentiated responsibilities facing the problem. This
meant that since climate change is a global challenge that concerns
everyone on the planet, the industrialized nations, as the main
emitters of greenhouse effect gases, should go ahead with the first
steps to face this problem. Consistent with this principle, the
commitments of the industrialized nations and underdeveloped countries
are differentiated in the Convention.

It is timely to recall what was stated by Commander in Chief Fidel
Castro during the Earth Summit in June 1992, when during a historic
speech that lasted just seven minutes he stated:

"consumer societies are fundamentally responsible for the brutal
destruction of the environment. They arose from the old colonial powers
and from imperialist policies which in turn engendered the backwardness
and poverty which today afflicts the vast majority of mankind. With
only 20 percent of the world’s population, these societies consume
two-thirds of the metals and three-fourths of the energy produced in
the world. They have poisoned the seas and rivers, polluted the air,
weakened and punctured the ozone layer, saturated the atmosphere with
gases which are changing weather conditions with a catastrophic effect
we are already beginning to experience."

Fifteen years after this speech was delivered, the situation hasn’t
changed. In 2004, the developed nations with 20 percent of the world’s
population produce 57 percent of the gross domestic product and
generated 46 percent of the global emissions of greenhouse effect gases.

In reality, the response strategies to climate change in the regulatory
aspects have properly considered the criteria of equality, development
and sustainability, and the link that exists between this phenomenon
and other global environmental problems such as the depletion of the
ozone layer, the loss of biodiversity, desertification and
deforestation, to contribute to more integrated and sustainable
solutions.

In the conceptual framework, these fundamental responses in the
struggle facing climate change are mitigation and adaptation.
Mitigation refers basically to the reduction of the emissions of the
greenhouse effect gases and the absorption of those emissions by way of
biological or geological capture. Adaptation implies actions to reduce
the vulnerability facing the impacts of climate change. The greater and
faster the reduction of emissions is, the less and slower would be the
projected warming. If in the long range climate change is not
mitigated, it is probable that it will exceed the capacity of
adaptation of natural, managed and human systems.

Due to the differentiated nature of the commitments of the parties
signing the Convention, only the industrialized nations have specific
commitments, and the underdeveloped nations have general commitments
that are common to all parties. In that light, it was established that
the developed nations would adopt national policies limiting or
reducing their emissions of greenhouse effect gases and protecting and
improving the drains and deposits of these gases, without quantified
commitments regarding the limiting and reduction of emissions.

During the First Conference of the Signatories, in 1995, it was
recognized that those commitments to reduce emissions were insufficient
to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse effect gases in the
atmosphere, in order to fulfill the final objective of the Convention.
Thus the Berlin Mandate was adopted, which began a process to negotiate
a protocol that would establish quantified commitments of limitation
and reduction of greenhouse effect gases produced by human activities
in the industrialized nations belonging to the Convention starting the
year 2000.

Kyoto was the venue in 1997, where the text of the Protocol that
carries the Japanese city in its name was approved. The document
established legally binding commitments for the industrialized nations.
Its objective was the collective reduction of the levels of greenhouse
effect gas emissions by 5.2 percent with respect to the levels existing
in 1990, during a period of five years, between 2008 and 2012.

The Kyoto Protocol covers six greenhouse effect gases: Carbon Dioxide
(CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N20), Hidrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
Perflourocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6).

The commitments to reduce the emissions with respect to the levels that
those nations had in 1990 are differentiated. They span from eight
percent for Switzerland and the majority of the nations of Central and
Eastern Europe and the European Union in its totality (with different
percentages among its members) passing to Canada, Hungary , Japan and
Poland that should reduce emissions by six percent, and the United
States of America by seven percent. Russia, the Ukraine and New Zealand
would stabilize their emissions to the level they had in 1990. Norway
could increase its emissions by one percent, Australia by eight percent
and Iceland by ten percent.

The Kyoto Protocol took effect on February 16, 2005, after Russia
signed it together with practically the rest of the industrialized
nations. For the Protocol to be enforced, it was required that at least
55 nations ratify it, and it was also stipulated that a certain number
of developed nations be among them whose total emissions added up to 55
percent of the emissions of CO2, taking the year 1990 as the reference
point.

As is known, the United States, the worlds leading emitter of
greenhouse effect gases, has refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, and
Australia has taken the same position, despite the fact that it could
actually increase its emissions.

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL IS NOT ENOUGH

It must be underscored that the impact of the Kyoto Protocol about
global warming would be of little significance, even if all the
industrialized nations complied with their commitments. The estimates
indicate that it would only contribute to reduce the average global
increase of temperature between 0.02 and 0.28 degrees Centigrade.
Nevertheless, if the modest commitments to reduce emissions in the
Convention would become effective, this would constitute a relevant
event, because it would produce a deceleration in the tendency to
increase atmospheric concentration, which has prevailed since the
beginning of the industrial revolution.

A negotiation process has begun within the framework of the Convention
to establish the commitments of the industrialized nations in a period
after 2008-2012, known as the post-Kyoto era. Together with that
process, the Montreal 2005 Conference approved to start up a wide
reaching multilateral dialogue aimed at exploring and analyzing
strategic objectives and long range cooperation actions, confronting
the climate change within the areas of sustainable development,
adaptation, technology and market based mechanisms.

Reality indicates that instead of being on track towards a solution,
the problem is actually worsening.

Let’s take a look at some of the statistical data provided by the fourth
report of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts about Climate Change,
better known by the acronym IPCC in English, issued last May:

Between 1974 and 2004 the global emission of the six greenhouse effect
gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol increased by 70 percent, with its
increase between 1990 and 2004 reaching 24 percent. Of those emissions,
the ones with the highest increases where in the energy producing
sector (145%) transportation (120%) and industry (65%). With the
present policies of mitigation of climate change, and the associated
practices of sustainable development, the global emissions of
greenhouse effect gases will continue growing during the coming
decades, with a projected increase between 25% and 90% in the emission
of those gases between the years 2000 and 2030.

The figures indicate the urgency to act. The legal framework within the
United Nations for multilateral negotiations exist, furthermore, it is
in progress. There is no need to resort to dialogues on the sidelines,
far from contributing to the solution of the problem; they generate a
lack of confidence.

Any initiative should start by recognizing the responsibility of the
highly industrialized nations for their historic emissions of
greenhouse effect gases- an important component in the ecological debt
of the North. The same goes for the different levels of development
between the North and the South. To the contrary, the relationship of
subordination of the South to the North will be augmented and the
economic, environmental and social imbalance that today are already
reaching alarming proportions will become even more critical.

                                *
================================================================
 NY Transfer News Collective    *    A Service of Blythe Systems
           Since 1985 – Information for the Rest of Us          
 Search Archives: http://olm.blythe-systems.com/htdig/search.html
Support this work, visit our sponsor http://www.blythe-systems.com
 Subscribe: http://olm.blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr
================================================================

—–BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE—–
Version: GnuPG v1.4.7 (FreeBSD)

iD8DBQFGjrKEiz2i76ou9wQRAg5hAKC3FfK+44bWekpTCzZmJhgzD6bUDwCgjhyx
O54d9q3dtOXxPw4U7fDLXOE=
=5chR
—–END PGP SIGNATURE—–

Excerpts and correction to history of the world
as suggested by

Dr, Prof (PhD) Ang Poon Kah
pu_n…@email.com
TC Submission for ‘this’/money government
TC Submission for modern world, our society
TC Submission for Modern Economics.

No Contest is a must-read book for anyone wishing to create, build and
invent. It shows how cooperation allows us to excel.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395631254/o/102-0321150-5051331

"Superbly researched, lucidly written, and delineated with admirable
clarity."
 -  Los Angeles Times Book Review

"Alfie Kohn marshals the evidence that competition is not the mainspring of
achievement in industry, the arts, education, or games."
 -  Dr. Benjamin Spock, pediatrician

"Well researched and sound, No Contest exposes erroneous assumptions about
the inevitability and value of competition. This book deserves our
attention."
 -  Carl Rogers, psychologist

Sample excerpts from No Contest;
pg. 149;
"… so that each of us knows what it is to work with others to paint a
room, prepare a report, cook a meal. To remember such experiences is to know
that cooperation encourages us to view our collaborators favorably; it is to
understand how cooperation teaches us, more broadly, the value of
relationship. Cooperation means the success of each participant is linked to
that of every other.

As of 1985, the Johnsons themselves had conducted thirty-seven studies of
interpersonal attraction under different learning arrangements. Thirty-five
of them clearly showed that cooperation promoted greater attraction, while
the results were mixed in the other two.61

pg. 45;
"Put plainly, one can set and reach goals  -  or prove to one’s own and
others’ satisfaction that one is competent  -  without ever competing.
‘Success in achieving a goal does not depend upon winning over others just
as failing to achieve a goal does not mean losing to others.’ A moment’s
reflection reveals this as an undeniable truth. I can succeed in knitting a
scarf or writing a book without ever trying to make it better than yours.
Better yet, I can work with you  -  say, to prepare a dinner or build a
house. Many people take the absence of competition to mean that one must be
wandering aimlessly, without any goals. But competing simply means that one
is working toward a goal in such a way as to prevent others from reaching
their goals. This is one approach to getting something done, but (happily)
not the only one. Competition need never enter the picture in order for
skills to be mastered and displayed, goals set and met."

pg. 55;
"The simplest way to understand why competition generally does not promote
excellence is to realize that trying to do well and trying to beat others
are two different things. Here sits a child in class, waving his arm wildly
to attract the teacher’s attention, crying, "Oooh! Oooh! Pick me!" The child
is finally recognized but then seems befuddled. "Um, what was that question
again?" he finally asks. His mind is on beating his classmates, not on the
subject matter. The fact that there is a difference between the two goes a
long way toward explaining why competition may actually make us less
successful."

pg. 62;
"… is more likely to be solved quickly and imaginatively if scientists
(including scientists from different countries) pool their talents rather
than compete against one another.
    Here it is not competition that is peculiarly unproductive; any kind of
individual work suffers from this drawback. But structural competition has
the practical effect of making people suspicious of and hostile toward one
another and thus of actively discouraging cooperation. (The evidence on
competition and affiliation will be reviewed in detail in chapter 6.) This
occurred to both Peter Blau and Robert Helmreich as they tried to make sense
of their respective findings.  Blau’s competitive employment agency workers
"in their eagerness to make many placements . . . often ignored their
relationship with others"; their noncompetitive counterparts, meanwhile,
enjoyed  more "social cohesion…," 70

pg. 154;
"But the sort of affirmation that is concerned with beating others, the sort
of camaraderie that develops from working to beat another group,  -  or from
simply claiming the superiority of one’s own  -  has an ugliness about it
that I believe is intrinsically objectionable.  Camaraderie is desirable,
all things being equal. But all things are not equal when the feeling is
derived from derogating an out-group.  As to the defense that it is all in
fun, I am reminded of the person who cruelly taunts someone and then
remonstrates, "But I was only kidding!"

pg. 194;
"There are quite a few thinkers whose work is useful in beginning to think
about reducing structural competition. Terry Orlick offers non-competitive
games as a way of reconceptualizing recreation. "Why not create and play
games that make us more cooperative, honest and considerate of others?" he
asks. 18  David and Roger Johnson propose noncompetitive alternatives in the
classroom as a way of improving education.

No Contest is a recipient of the American Psychological Association’s 1987
National Psychology Award for Excellence in the Media.

Turkey’s FM declares his country’s full readiness for incursion into Iraq.
Turkey’s Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul says his country has prepared
detailed plans for a cross-border military operation into Iraq.

Gul reiterated that "Turkey will act if US or Iraqi forces fail to tackle
them,"

Ankara has on many occasions threatened to send troops into mainly Kurdish
northern Iraq to hunt down thousands of militants from the outlawed
Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) who use the region as a base to attack targets
inside Turkey.

"The military plans have been worked out in the finest detail. The
government knows these plans and agrees with them," Gul told the Radikal
newspaper in an interview.

"If neither the Iraqi government nor the US occupying forces can do this
(crush the PKK), we will take our own decision and implement it," he added.

Washington has urged Turkey, a NATO ally, not to enter northern Iraq,
arguing such a move would destabilize one of the few relatively peaceful
regions of the war-shattered country.

Iraq has also warned Turkey against making an incursion.

More than 30,000 people have been killed in fighting between Turkish
security forces and the PKK since the rebels launched their armed campaign
for an independent homeland in mainly Kurdish southeast Turkey in 1984.

http://www.flash-bulletin.de/index.html